TNF and colitis: To observe the effects of WMW on intestinal inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mice, we utilized quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot to measure the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and anti-inflammatory factors IL-10, Arg-1, and TGF-β1 in serum and colon tissues.