For example, glycyrrhizic acid attenuates LPS-induced ALI via modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (49); picrasma quassiodes attenuates LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation and pulmonary edema by regulating the iNOS, HO-1, NF-κB and MAPK signaling (50); and magnoflorine exerts anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-induced ALI through regulation of TLR4-mediated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways (51). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.