IRF4 and neoplasm: In contrast, another study has shown that LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated tumour-associated macrophages with increased expression of miR-125a-5p led to promotion of M1 polarization by targeting the factor FIH1 (inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α) and inhibition of M2 polarization through targeting interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) (105).