In this regard, Kaneko et al. have shown that a GOS linear tetrasaccharide with only β1-4 linkage is unable to activate basophils but the linear structure Galβ1-4Galβ1-4Galβ1-3Glc and branched structure Galβ(1-4)Galβ(1-6)-[Galβ(1-4)]-Glc (Table 1 in bold) are allergenic in GOS allergy subjects in Japan (28). Here, NAGA is linked to allergic disease.