Our GSEA analysis found that the target mRNA GINS1 was significantly associated with cell cycle, DNA replication, p53 signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, etc. The majority of these pathways have been confirmed to be involved in HCC development (Greenbaum, 2004; Giovannini et al., 2016; Dimri and Satyanarayana, 2020). Here, GINS1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.