PCK1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, is phosphorylated by AKT in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and phosphorylated PCK1 translocates to the ER and acts as protein kinase to phosphorylates Insig-1 and Insig-2 in the ER (Xu et al., 2020).