Risk factors associated with long-term cognitive impairment were advanced age (HR: 1.033, 95% CI: 1.012–1.055), high H-H grade (HR: 2.598, 95% CI: 1.616–4.177), hydrocephalus (HR: 2.048, 95% CI: 1.154–3.633), and Hp phenotype. The gene discussed is HP; the disease is Hydrocephalus.