TNF and viral encephalitis: Iltaf et al.4, 23and Studart‐Neto et al.4, 23speculated that encephalitis and encephalopathy are connected with the increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL‐2, ‐6, ‐7, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ) and antioxidant compounds (e.g., free radicals).