This pathway complements previous reports on brain endothelial cells and neurons as target cells (Wong et al., 2019) and microglia as a key source of IL-1 in stroke (Clausen et al., 2008, 2016), underscoring the pleiotropic effects of IL-1 on different immune and non-immune cells within the CNS to mount a massive proinflammatory response upon ischemic brain injury. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Stroke.