TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Subcutaneous tissue has garnered attention particularly in obesity and type-2 diabetes because increased inflammation can alter the outcome of wound repair through the production of large numbers of hormones and cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1)22; these proteins are the major components of the SASP.