Taking into account the previous reports on possible TNF-independent effects of infliximab in vivo25, we also analyzed the effect of infliximab on WT colitis: infliximab administration did not show any impact on disease progression and on colonic immune cells when colonic inflammation was induced in Rag1−/− mice upon transfer of naive WT T cells (Fig. S6A–E). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and colitis.