The medical treatment of metastatic melanoma (MM) has significantly improved thanks to the identification of specific genetic alterations which became important therapeutic targets for new treatments as the combination of anti-BRAF + anti-MEK drugs for patients harbouring BRAF V600 mutations [1], and thanks to the new immunological approaches with monoclonal antibodies directed against the immune checkpoint molecules CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4) and PD-1 (programmed death antigen 1) or its ligand PD-L-1. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is metastatic melanoma.