Although there are several other neuronal surface proteins as targets in autoimmune encephalitis, e.g. leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1), contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Caspr2), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) type 1/2 or gamma-aminobutyric acid-receptor (GABAR) type A/B which frequently cause limbic encephalitis [7], only cases of patients with HSV encephalitis and positive GABAAR antibodies have been reported apart from NMDAR antibodies [5, 8–11]. The gene discussed is CNTNAP2; the disease is autoimmune encephalitis.