Gremlin-1 levels in SSc were significantly higher compared to HCs (Figure 1): mean = 1.14 ng/mL(standard deviation (SD) = 0.7) versus mean = 14.32 ng/mL (SD = 5.1),n = 21, p < 0.0001; Student’st-test. Here, GREM1 is linked to systemic sclerosis.