Consistent with histological inflammation, expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines Tnfa, Il6, and Il1b, which are reportedly involved in NASH and NASH-related hepatocarcinogenesis, were significantly increased in PTEN/SCAPΔL mice (Figure 1I and refs. 6, 19, 20). Here, IL1B is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.