According to our previous studies (8, 10, 43), nonreprogrammed CD8+ T cells from HIV-1 noncontrollers on ART had a poor capacity to counteract HIV-1 infection when cocultured with infected CD4+ T cells; in contrast, reprogramming strongly improved the capacity of CD8+ T cells to suppress HIV-1 infection (Figure 5, A and B, and Supplemental Figure 6A). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is HIV-1 infection.