However, in addition to these well recognised predictors, early diagnosis of GDM RR of 2.13 (95% CI: 1.52, 3.56), raised fasting glucose RR of 3.57 (95% CI: 2.98, 4.04), increased HbA1c RR of 2.56 (95% CI: 2.00, 3.17) and use of insulin RR of 3.66 (95% CI: 2.78, 4.82) are also associated with an increased risk of subsequent type 2 diabetes. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.