BRCA1 and cancer: This disparity persisted among African-American patients when compared to NHW patients without a personal history of cancer, who were offered genetic testing for the BRCA1/2 and HNPCC genes based on their family history (12.3% vs 5.8%; P < .001).44 VUS results can be challenging both for patients and for healthcare providers who are not genetics specialists, as they can represent either a benign human variation or a change causing an increased risk for cancer.