For example, genes associated with the IFNɣ pathway (Jak1, Jak2, Ifngr1, Ifngr2, Stat1) and antigen presentation machinery (B2m, Tap1) conferred resistance to CTL-mediated PDA killing upon inactivation (Fig. 1c, d, Supplementary Fig. 1c), and genes regulating TNF-triggered apoptosis (Cflar, Traf2), NFκB signaling (Nfkbia, Tnfaip3) and autophagy (Atg5, Atg7, Atg10, Atg12, Gabarapl2) sensitized PDA cells to CTL-mediated killing upon inactivation (Fig. 1c, d, Supplementary Fig. 1c). This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and Patent ductus arteriosus.