Notably, the Cxcr3-Stat3 signaling axis has previously been described to enhance PDA aggressiveness and to contribute to an immune suppressive environment through inducing PD-L1 (CD274) expression25,26, and low expression of these chemokines is correlated with a better prognosis in human PDA patients (Supplementary Fig. 3i). The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is Patent ductus arteriosus.