To compare ALPN-202 to dual PD-1 and CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade in an in vitro setting, we co-cultured primary human E6 TCR transgenic T cells (human papilloma virus (HPV) E6 peptide-specific) with autologous M2c macrophages and PD-L1-expressing SCC152 human tumor cells at a 1:1:1 ratio. Here, CTLA4 is linked to neoplasm.