Such immune evasion has been described as a hallmark of cancer12, and there are many mechanisms by which tumor cells may escape immune predation including, but not limited to, blockade of cytotoxic T cell attack via expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), recruitment of immunosuppressive cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, and disruption of the antigen presentation machinery13–17. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.