We tested for this relationship using the Mantel test49 to detect correlations between the ecological dissimilarities in immune-cell lineages (T cells, B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils) and dissimilarities in non-immune cells of the microenvironment (tumor cells, fibroblasts, PD-L1, and vasculature) that could affect the behavior of the aforementioned immune cells. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.