CD19 and leukemia: Fedorov et al demonstrated in vitro that iCARs had greatly reduced cytokine production and cytotoxic capabilities when cocultured with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived differentiated into fibroblasts which displayed both healthy (PSMA) and tumor (CD19) antigens compared with levels measured with coculture with target antigen (CD19) expressing cells.69 To determine the functional capacity of the iCARs in vivo, the authors generated a NALM-6 model of leukemia, expressing both CD19 and the healthy antigen PSMA.