In the CD8+ T cell compartment, we observed increased levels of cells with high expression of CD44, CD69, and CD38 and low expression of CD62L (that can be defined as effector memory T cells) in mice colonized with obesity-associated AdLib compared with mice colonized with the CalRes microbiota (cluster 9, Fig. 3A). Here, CD69 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.