In present study, compared to monoinfection, TMT-based proteomic analysis showed a lot of integrins were inhibited or increased in the co-infection group, such as ITGα1, ITGα3, ITGα5, ITGα6, ITGα8, ITGα9, ITGα11 and ITGβ3, which has been demonstrated as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene in various tumors, respectively [33–41]. Here, ITGA9 is linked to coinfection.