TNF and colitis: For children, European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO) and European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) recommended vedolizumab for UC in chronically active or steroid-dependent patients as second line biologic therapy after anti-TNF failure [18], and for CD in patients who fail to achieve or maintain clinical remission on anti-TNF agents, despite anti-TNF dose optimization and immunomodulator use [19].