FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE 1 (FMO1), marker genes for SA-independent pathway, is expressed downstream of EDS1- and PAD4-mediated defense signaling and is required for basal resistance to invasive virulent pathogens.41,44 Here, we quantified FMO1 expressions in Col-0 and gi-100 mutant lines after infection with Noco2, by qRT-PCR in relation to a constitutive reference gene, ACTIN1. Here, PADI4 is linked to infection.