INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Consistent with our results for miR-375, several studies in β-cells have shown that other genes are down-regulated in response to cAMP.16,19,29 In one study, several genes necessary for insulin secretion were repressed by hyperglycemic conditions in a PKA-dependent manner.19 It was hypothesized that this mechanism contributed to β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes.