IGHE and food allergy: The maternal microbiome has a significant influence on the infant microbiome, and the maternal microbiome has been shown to play a critical role in the development of IgE-mediated food allergy and asthma.9,11,30,31 The relationship between antibiotic usage and FPIES seen in this study could also indicate that infection, resulting in the need for antibiotics, may be a factor in the development of FPIES.