STAT3 and Alzheimer disease: The majority of HIES is caused by either autosomal dominant inheritance (AD-HIES) of mutations in the signal transducer and activator of transcriptase 3 (STAT3) gene (Grimbacher et al., 1999), or autosomal recessive inheritance (AR-HIES) primarily of mutations in the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) gene (Su et al., 2011).