CXCL8 and neoplasm: Although CXCL8 has been originally described as a proinflammatory chemokine, in the context of cancer, CXCL8 is produced by multiple cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME), including the infiltrating immune cells, stromal cells, and the tumour cells (Waugh and Wilson, 2008; Alfaro et al., 2017).