TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: In contrast, G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor activity, tumor necrosis factor production, T cell mediated immunity, Th17 cell differentiation, IL-27-mediated signaling pathway, MDA (melanoma differentiation-associated gene)-5 signaling pathway, phospholipase D signaling pathway, transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway, type I interferon signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway were enriched in SLE-M, but not SLE-F placentas (Figures 2B,D; Table 2, Supplementary Tables 5, 6).