MADCAM1 and inflammatory bowel disease: • α4β7 integrin and CCR9 chemokine receptor-expressing T cells are generally not expressed much in liver cells. However, patients with IBD display MAdCAM1 and CCL25, ligands for α4β7 and CCR9, in their liver tissue. This causes the T lymphocytes, expressing α4β7 and CCR9, to migrate to liver from gut where any expression of auto-antigen either from gut or liver can cause immune response causing AIH (Eksteen et al., 2004;Adams and Eksteen, 2006;Oo et al., 2010)