PDHX and cancer: According to the interaction network of PDK4 from the String database, DLD is involved in caloric restriction (CR)-preventable mitochondrial ROS in yeast aging process (Tahara et al., 2007), and PDHX reduction is related to aging diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, glucose intolerance, and cancer (Moreau et al., 2004; Stacpoole, 2012).