TGFB1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The potential therapeutic effects of MSCs on ALS may involve rich trophic factor secretion; enhanced neurogenesis; abnormal protein aggregate clearance; immunomodulation by the increased expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1); and gene delivery or replacement of lost cells (Lewis and Suzuki 2014; Nabavi et al., 2019).