Moreover, the published literature were systematically reviewed and we found that the median age of LS-associated UTUC patients was 61 years (range 36-86 years), 73% (109 of 180) of patients had MSH2 LP/P mutation, 54% (96 of 179) of patients were female, and 36.6% (49 of 134) of patients had muscle-invasive tumors (Supplementary Table 4 and Figure 3). The gene discussed is MSH2; the disease is renal pelvis/ureter urothelial carcinoma.