While the changes in PTEN gene and protein levels in the kidney and spleen were not significant, no colonization or growth of tumor cells generally occurs in these organs, suggesting that the expression and function of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN in the tumor-bearing host itself, especially in the microenvironment of the organ, directly affects the invasion, metastasis, colonization, and proliferation of tumor cells. Here, PTEN is linked to neoplasm.