PTEN was inhibited in 4T1-luc cells by treatment with 200 or 500 nmol/L VO-OHpic for 2 h (Figures 3A, B), and the cells were then inoculated into Balb/c mice to establish an orthotopic breast cancer tumor model, or into the tail vein to establish a model of breast cancer metastasis. Here, PTEN is linked to breast cancer.