However, the results of the Active8 study were encouraging that TLR8 agonists might prolong survival among HPV-positive HNSCC patients compared to HPV-negative patients (PFS: 7.8 versus 5.9 months; HR, 0.58; P = 0.046; OS: 15.2 versus 12.6 months; HR:0.41; P = 0.03) (59). Here, TLR8 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.