Novel combinations of SPEAR T-cell monotherapy with approved drugs, such as checkpoint inhibitors, or development of next−generation SPEAR T-cells co-expressing additional immunoregulatory molecules, such as CD8α or IL-7/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19, may increase anti-tumor activity by overcoming immunosuppression and improving clinical responses in patients with epithelial cancers (12, 35). Here, CCL19 is linked to neoplasm.