However, MF in IMQ-induced lupus mice were characterized by their high expression of Cxcl13. Genes of proinflammatory cytokines in Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo monocytes were upregulated by stimulation with IMQ but only Ly6Chi monocytes upregulated IFN-α genes upon stimulation with 2′3′-cyclic-GMP-AMP, an agonist of stimulator of interferon genes. Here, CXCL13 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.