Counterintuitively, several of the genes we see downregulated, TAGAP, REL, and GPR183, have been reported to be upregulated in gluten-specific CD4+ T cells after activation with antiCD3/CD28 or under active CeD conditions, while levels of STAT1 and IRF1 are reportedly higher in biopsies isolated from CeD cases (70, 71). Here, TAGAP is linked to cranioectodermal dysplasia.