APOA1 and metabolic syndrome: Additionally, a cross-sectional controlled study which evaluated 33 adolescent girls with juvenile SLE found nearly half patients had dyslipidemia, including decreased HDL-c concentrations; besides, juvenile patients showed decreased concentrations of apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) and ratio of LDL/apolipoprotein B (ApoB), all of which could increase atherosclerotic risk (63).