Binary regression analysis showed that high serum AST/ALT (OR = 2.247) and adrenal cortisol (PTC, OR = 1.511), low serum INS*PA (OR = 2.970), free triiodothyronine (FT3, OR = 1.313), 25-OH-VitD (VitD, in male participants, OR = 1.817), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, in female subjects, OR = 1.250) were independent risk factors for sarcopenia (P < 0.05). Here, INS is linked to sarcopenia.