Except for the completely restored DEGs, Sal treatment mitigated the expression of approximately 73.08% up-regulated DEGs and 66.35% down-regulated DEGs induced by diabetes, including 8 oxidation-related genes (Aldh4a1, Acad12, Ado, Kdm4d, Acacb, Mical1, Th and Htatip2) (Supplementary Figure 1). Here, ALDH4A1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.