INS and diabetes mellitus: IPA levels inversely associated with incidence of diabetes during the mean 7-year follow-up (odds ratio [confidence interval]: 0.86 [0.73–0.99], p = 0.04); positively correlated with insulin secretion (DI30) during the mean 7 years (β = 0.10, p = 0.06; positively correlated with dietary fiber, r = 0.24, p = 1 × 10−6); inversely associated with serum hsCRP levels (r = −0.22, p = 0.0001); inversely associated with BMI (p = 0.001)