INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: IPA levels inversely associated with T2D incidence (OR: 0.80 [0.70, 0.93], p = 0.003); positively correlated with insulin secretion (β = 0.25 [0.06–0.44], p = 0.011); inversely associated with high hsCRP levels (r = -0.23, p = 0.006); high IPA level inversely associated with the likelihood of developing T2D during the 5-year follow-up (OR: 0.31 [0.12– 0.76], p = 0.01)