In addition, other bioactive factors, such as leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and MCP-1, can also be released from perirenal fat, which is involved in the pathogenesis of CVD, metabolic disorders, and T2DM (25, 26). Here, ADIPOQ is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.