In addition, PPARα antagonist GW6471 attenuated the protective effect of DCHT on intrahepatic cholestasis consistent with the inhibition of the JNK/SAPK, NF-ĸB and STAT3 signaling pathways and the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, implying that PPARα is very likely to contribute to the anti-inflammation response and the cytoprotective effect of DCHT on acute intrahepatic cholestasis. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and intrahepatic cholestasis.