ACE and renal fibrosis: Previous studies have shown that FSGD can improve renal function and inhibit renal fibrosis in CRF rats through the ACE-Ang II-AT1R axis in the RAS system, while RAS is closely related to the PI3K/AKT pathway in the liver (Molinaro et al., 2019; Xu J et al., 2021; Xu K et al., 2021).