TLR4 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Studies have shown that the excessive production of cytokines must rely on the co-activation of multiple coordinated innate system, and Root-Bernstein et al. proposed that synergistic interactions among TLR and NLR were involved in ARDS and sepsis (Root-Bernstein, 2021), for example, the activation of TLR2 and TLR4 could induce priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and NLRP3 activation could lead to pyroptosis (Coll et al., 2015; Kopitar-Jerala, 2015).