We demonstrated for the first time that IS, a uremic toxin derived from intestinal E. coli, induced intestinal barrier injury through regulating IRF1-dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1) pathway, thereby blocking the mitochondrial autophagy flux and inducing mitochondrial injury, which is the common damaged subcellular organelle in renal, intestinal and cardiovascular dysfunction, as well as a potential therapeutic target in CKD state (Huang et al., 2020a; Huang et al., 2020b; Srivastava et al., 2020; Bi et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene IRF1 and chronic kidney disease.