Both fiber and acetate alleviated gut dysbiosis and increased the levels of Bacteroides acidifaciens, leading to reduced renal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and left ventricular hypertrophy possibly through downregulating cardiac and renal early growth response protein 1 (Egr1), a master cardiovascular regulator involved in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiorenal fibrosis (Marques et al., 2017). Here, EGR1 is linked to left ventricular hypertrophy.