Based on emerging animal studies on JIA, chronic inflammation would increase glutamatergic neurotransmission but down-regulate the expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and then alter the dendritic remodeling and neurogenesis, especially involving the dentate gyrus (McEwen et al., 2015). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is juvenile idiopathic arthritis.